晓竹天下 个体空间

伊利亚特第二卷  （回目录）
【题记：如果有可能，应当学一点希腊文。非无可能，惟有时间的安排。不妨用Gavin Betts的教科书，中有25个单元。不要背东西，只要了解语法，学会读音即可，可以对照英文，接触希腊语的文本。每天不要多，半小时足矣。】

Book II   第二卷
Now the other gods and the armed warriors on the plain slept soundly, but Jove was wakeful, for he was thinking how to do honour to Achilles, and destroyed much people at the ships of the Achaeans. In the end he deemed it would be best to send a lying dream to King Agamemnon; so he called one to him and said to it, "Lying Dream, go to the ships of the Achaeans, into the tent of Agamemnon, and say to him word to word as I now bid you. Tell him to get the Achaeans instantly under arms, for he shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno has brought them to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans."

所有的神和驾驭战车的凡人都已酣睡整夜，但睡眠的香甜却不曾合上宙斯的双眼，他在谋划如何使阿基琉斯获得荣誉，把成群的阿开亚人杀死在海船边。眼下，他以为最好的办法是派遣险恶的梦幻，给阿特桑斯之子阿伽门农传送他的令言。他对着梦幻大叫，长了翅膀的话语飞向后者的耳畔：“去吧，险恶的梦幻，速往阿开亚人的快船，行至阿特柔斯之子阿伽门农的营棚，把我的指令原原本本地对他告传。命他即刻行动，把长发的阿开亚人武装，现在，他可攻破特洛伊人路面宽阔的城堡。家住俄林波斯的众神已不再为此事争吵；通过恳求，赫拉已消除他们的歧见。悲惨的结局正等待着特洛伊兵汉。”

【评析】古人皆重视梦境，以及对梦境的解释。但惟有古希腊人有这个“假托梦”的概念，也就是，这个梦是真梦，其来自神灵确凿无疑，但内容是假的，所谓lying dream，专用来误导人类。这好像是说，上天的启示是一回事，启示后面的意图是另一回事。启示中包涵着解构启示的要素，这就是掺沙子，而掺沙子永远是最高的智慧，古希腊人得之，孔子亦得之。但是从不同的地方得之。何以见得？子路、曾皙、冉有、公西华伺坐，孔子要学生们各言其志，子路等都是雄才大略，惟点曰：“暮春者，春服既成，冠者五六人，童子六七人，浴乎沂，风乎舞雩，咏而归。”夫子喟然叹曰：“吾与点也。”可以说，这是孔子对整个儒家精神追求的掺沙子，不是故意掺沙子，而是不得不掺沙子，故夫子喟然叹也，非喜形于色也。只有在精神到达了极限之处，方可得之，此乃常人所难以真正理解之黑洞。

The dream went when it had heard its message, and soon reached the ships of the Achaeans. It sought Agamemnon son of Atreus and found him in his tent, wrapped in a profound slumber. It hovered over his head in the likeness of Nestor, son of Neleus, whom Agamemnon honoured above all his councillors, and said:-

宙斯言罢，梦幻得令而去，迅速来到阿开亚人的快船边，出现在阿特柔斯之子阿伽门农的营棚，发现后者正躺在床上，酣睡中吞吐着神赐的香甜。梦幻悬站在他的头顶，化作奈琉斯之子奈斯托耳的形象——阿伽门农敬他甚于对其他首领。梦神开口发话，以奈斯托耳的形面：

"You are sleeping, son of Atreus; one who has the welfare of his host and so much other care upon his shoulders should dock his sleep. Hear me at once, for I come as a messenger from Jove, who, though he be not near, yet takes thought for you and pities you. He bids you get the Achaeans instantly under arms, for you shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno has brought them over to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans at the hands of Jove. Remember this, and when you wake see that it does not escape you."

“还在睡觉呀，聪明的驯马手阿特柔斯的儿子？一个责在运筹帷幄，肩负着全军的重托，有这么多事情要关心处理的人，岂可熟睡整夜？好了，认真听我说来，因为我是宙斯的使者；他虽然置身遥远的地方，但却十分关心你的情况，怜悯你的处境。宙斯命你即刻行动，把长发的阿开亚人武装，现在，你可攻破特洛伊人路面宽阔的城堡。家住俄林波斯的众神已不再为此事争吵；通过恳求，赫拉已消除他们的歧见。按照宙斯的意愿，悲惨的结局正等待着特洛伊兵汉。记住，当你从甜美的酣睡中醒来，不要忘记此番话语，带给你的信言。”

The dream then left him, and he thought of things that were, surely not to be accomplished. He thought that on that same day he was to take the city of Priam, but he little knew what was in the mind of Jove, who had many another hard-fought fight in store alike for Danaans and Trojans. Then presently he woke, with the divine message still ringing in his ears; so he sat upright, and put on his soft shirt so fair and new, and over this his heavy cloak. He bound his sandals on to his comely feet, and slung his silver-studded sword about his shoulders; then he took the imperishable staff of his father, and sallied forth to the ships of the Achaeans.

言罢，梦幻随即离去，留下独自思忖的阿伽门农，寄望于此番不会兑现的传话，以为在闻讯的当天，即可攻下普里阿摩斯的城垣——好一个笨蛋！他岂会知晓宙斯蕴谋的事愿？他哪里知道，宙斯已潜心谋划，要让特洛伊人和达奈人拼搏鏖战，一起承受悲痛，经受磨难。阿伽门农从睡境中苏醒，神的声音回响在他的耳边。他直身而坐，套上松软、簇新的衫衣，裹上硕大的披篷，系紧舒适的条鞋，在闪亮的脚面，挎上柄嵌银钉的铜剑，拿起永不败坏的王杖，祖传的宝杖。披挂完毕，他迈步前行，沿着身披铜甲的阿开亚人的海船。

The goddess Dawn now wended her way to vast Olympus that she might herald day to Jove and to the other immortals, and Agamemnon sent the criers round to call the people in assembly; so they called them and the people gathered thereon. But first he summoned a meeting of the elders at the ship of Nestor king of Pylos, and when they were assembled he laid a cunning counsel before them.

其时，黎明女神已登上高高的俄林波斯，向宙斯和众神报告白天的到来。阿伽门农命嘱嗓音清亮的使者，召呼长发的阿开亚人聚会。信使们奔走呼号，人们很快集合起来。首先，阿伽门农会晤了心胸豪壮的首领，聚集在出身普洛斯的王者奈斯托耳的船边。他把首领们召到一块，开口说道，话语中包容着诡诘：“听着，我的朋友们！在我熟睡之际，神圣的梦幻穿过神赐的的夜晚，来到我的营棚，从容貌、体魄和身材来看，极像卓越的奈斯托耳。他悬站在我的头上，对我说道：

【评析：两种cunning counsel，一是宙斯的，一是阿伽门农的，两者相互对应，具有共性，不过它的成功的条件则是那个pell-mell的状况，离不开那个人类生存际遇的mad confusion。】

"My friends," said he, "I have had a dream from heaven in the dead of night, and its face and figure resembled none but Nestor's. It hovered over my head and said, 'You are sleeping, son of Atreus; one who has the welfare of his host and so much other care upon his shoulders should dock his sleep. Hear me at once, for I am a messenger from Jove, who, though he be not near, yet takes thought for you and pities you. He bids you get the Achaeans instantly under arms, for you shall take Troy. There are no longer divided counsels among the gods; Juno has brought them over to her own mind, and woe betides the Trojans at the hands of Jove. Remember this.' The dream then vanished and I awoke. Let us now, therefore, arm the sons of the Achaeans. But it will be well that I should first sound them, and to this end I will tell them to fly with their ships; but do you others go about among the host and prevent their doing so."

‘还在睡觉呀，聪明的驯马手阿特柔斯的儿子？一个责在运筹帷幄，肩负着全军的重托？有这么多事情要关心处理的人，岂可熟睡整夜？好了，认真听我说来，因为我是宙斯的使者，他虽置身遥远的地方，但却关心你的情况，怜悯你的处境。宙斯命你即刻行动，把长发的阿开亚人武装——现在，你可攻破特洛伊人路面宽阔的城堡。家住俄林波斯的众神已不再为此事争吵；通过恳求，赫拉已消除他们的歧见。按宙斯的意愿，悲惨的结局正等待着特洛伊兵汉。’此番口嘱，不可忘怀。梦幻言罢，展翅飞去，甜蜜的睡眠就此离开了我的梦境。干起来吧，看看我们是否能把阿开亚人的儿子们武装。但首先——我以为此举妥当——待我先用话语试探，命令他们踏上凳板坚固的海船，启程归返。届时，尔等要站好位置，以便呵斥号令，把他们哄挡回来。”

【评析：欲擒故纵也。】

He then sat down, and Nestor the prince of Pylos with all sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus: "My friends," said he, "princes and councillors of the Argives, if any other man of the Achaeans had told us of this dream we should have declared it false, and would have had nothing to do with it. But he who has seen it is the foremost man among us; we must therefore set about getting the people under arms."

他言毕下坐，首领中站起了奈斯托耳，王者，统治着多沙的普洛斯地面。怀着对各位首领的善意，他开口说道：“朋友们，阿耳吉维人的首领和统治者们，倘若传告这件梦事的是别的阿开亚人，我们或许便会把它斥为谎言，不屑一顾。但现在，目睹此事的却是那位自称为最好的阿开亚人的王权。干起来吧，看看我们是否能把阿开亚人的儿子们武装。”

With this he led the way from the assembly, and the other sceptred kings rose with him in obedience to the word of Agamemnon; but the people pressed forward to hear. They swarmed like bees that sally from some hollow cave and flit in countless throng among the spring flowers, bunched in knots and clusters; even so did the mighty multitude pour from ships and tents to the assembly, and range themselves upon the wide-watered shore, while among them ran Wildfire Rumour, messenger of Jove, urging them ever to the fore. Thus they gathered in a pell-mell of mad confusion, and the earth groaned under the tramp of men as the people sought their places. Nine heralds went crying about among them to stay their tumult and bid them listen to the kings, till at last they were got into their several places and ceased their clamour. Then King Agamemnon rose, holding his sceptre. This was the work of Vulcan, who gave it to Jove the son of Saturn. Jove gave it to Mercury, slayer of Argus, guide and guardian. King Mercury gave it to Pelops, the mighty charioteer, and Pelops to Atreus, shepherd of his people. Atreus, when he died, left it to Thyestes, rich in flocks, and Thyestes in his turn left it to be borne by Agamemnon, that he might be lord of all Argos and of the isles. Leaning, then, on his sceptre, he addressed the Argives.

言罢，他领头离开商议的地点：各位起身离座，这些有资格握拿权杖的王爷，服从了兵士的牧者。在他们身后，紧跟着熙熙攘攘的兵勇，像大群的花蜂，一股接着一股，没完没了地冲涌出空心的石窟，抱成一个个圈团，飞访着春天的花丛，四处游移漫舞，成群结队。就像这样，来自不同部族的战士捅出营棚和海船，一队连着一队，行进在宽阔的滩沿，走向集会的地点；谣言像火苗似地在人群中活跃，作为宙斯的使者，督励着人们向前。集聚的队伍使会场为之摇撼。兵勇们集队进入自己的位置，大地悲鸣轰响，和伴着笼罩全场的杂喧。九位使者高声呼喊，忙着维持秩序，要人们停止喧闹，静听宙斯钟爱的王者训告。经过一番折腾，他们迫使兵勇们屈腿下坐，停止了喧嚣。强有力的阿伽门农站立起来，手握权杖，由赫法伊斯托斯艰苦铸造。赫法伊斯托斯把权杖交给王者宙斯，克罗诺斯之子，后者把它转交给导路的阿耳吉丰忒斯[注]，而王者赫耳墨斯又把它给了裴洛普斯，战车上的勇士。裴洛普斯把它给了阿特柔斯，兵士的牧者；后者死后，权杖传到苏厄斯忒斯手中，而这位富有羊群的领主又把它传给了阿伽门农，后者凭着王杖的权威，统领众多的海岛和整个阿耳戈斯。其时，倚靠着这支王杖，阿伽门农对聚会的阿耳吉维人喊道：

"My friends," he said, "heroes, servants of Mars, the hand of heaven has been laid heavily upon me. Cruel Jove gave me his solemn promise that I should sack the city of Priam before returning, but he has played me false, and is now bidding me go ingloriously back to Argos with the loss of much people. Such is the will of Jove, who has laid many a proud city in the dust, as he will yet lay others, for his power is above all. It will be a sorry tale hereafter that an Achaean host, at once so great and valiant, battled in vain against men fewer in number than themselves; but as yet the end is not in sight. Think that the Achaeans and Trojans have sworn to a solemn covenant, and that they have each been numbered- the Trojans by the roll of their householders, and we by companies of ten; think further that each of our companies desired to have a Trojan householder to pour out their wine; we are so greatly more in number that full many a company would have to go without its cup-bearer. But they have in the town allies from other places, and it is these that hinder me from being able to sack the rich city of Ilius. Nine of Jove years are gone; the timbers of our ships have rotted; their tackling is sound no longer. Our wives and little ones at home look anxiously for our coming, but the work that we came hither to do has not been done. Now, therefore, let us all do as I say: let us sail back to our own land, for we shall not take Troy."

“朋友们，达奈人的勇士们，阿瑞斯的随从们！宙斯，克罗诺斯之子，已把我推入狂言的陷阱，他就是这般凶残！先前，他曾点头答应，让我在荡劫墙垣精固的伊利昂后启程返航。现在，我才知道，这是一场赤裸裸的欺骗。他要我不光不彩地返回阿耳戈斯，折损了众多的兵将。这便是力大无穷的宙斯的作为，使他心花怒放的事情；在此之前，他已打烂许多城市的顶冠，今后还会继续砸捣——他的神力谁能抵挡？这种事情，既便让后代听来，也是一个耻辱：如此雄壮，如此庞大的阿开亚联军，竟然徒劳无益地打了一场没有收益的战争，战事旷日持久，杳无终期。这支军队占着兵力上的优势。如果双方愿意，阿开亚人和特洛伊兵壮，可以牲血为证，立下庄重的停战誓约，随后计点双方人数，特洛伊方面以家住城里者为计[注]，而我们阿开亚人则以十人为股。然后，让每个股组挑选一个特洛伊人斟酒，结果，斟酒的侍者已被挑完，十人的股组却还所余甚众。阿开亚人的儿子们，我认为，就以此般悬殊的比例，在人数上压倒了住在城里的特洛伊人。但是，他们有多支盟军帮衬，来自其他城市；那些投枪的战勇，打退了我的进攻，不让我实现我的意愿，荡劫伊利昂，这座人丁兴旺的城。属于大神宙斯的时间，九年过去了；海船的木板已经腐烂，缆绳已经蚀断。在那遥远的故乡，我们的妻房和幼小的孩子正坐身厅堂，等盼着我们，而我们的战事仍在继续——为了它，我们离家来此——像以往一样无有穷期。不干了，按我说的做！让我们顺从屈服，登船上路，逃返我们热爱的故乡——我们永远抢攻不下路面宽阔的伊利昂！”

With these words he moved the hearts of the multitude, so many of them as knew not the cunning counsel of Agamemnon. They surged to and fro like the waves of the Icarian Sea, when the east and south winds break from heaven's clouds to lash them; or as when the west wind sweeps over a field of corn and the ears bow beneath the blast, even so were they swayed as they flew with loud cries towards the ships, and the dust from under their feet rose heavenward. They cheered each other on to draw the ships into the sea; they cleared the channels in front of them; they began taking away the stays from underneath them, and the welkin rang with their glad cries, so eager were they to return.

一番话掀腾起澎湃的心浪，在全体兵勇的胸腔，成群结队的兵勇，不曾听闻他对首领们的讲话。会场喧嚣沸腾，就像从天父宙斯制驭的云层里冲扫而下的东风和南风，在伊卡里亚海面掀起了滔天巨浪。宛如阵阵强劲的西风，扫过一大片密沉沉的谷田，呼喊咆哮，刮垂下庄稼的穗耳集会土崩瓦解，人们乱作一团，朝着海船扑跑，踢卷起纷飞的泥尘，相互间大声嘶喊，意欲抓住海船，拖人闪亮的水道。他们清出下水的道口，喊叫之声响彻云天；士兵们归心似箭，动手搬开船底的挡塞。

【评析：激将法对俗人不奏效，但却激发了神的行动意愿。】

Then surely the Argives would have returned after a fashion that was not fated. But Juno said to Minerva, "Alas, daughter of aegis-bearing Jove, unweariable, shall the Argives fly home to their own land over the broad sea, and leave Priam and the Trojans the glory of still keeping Helen, for whose sake so many of the Achaeans have died at Troy, far from their homes? Go about at once among the host, and speak fairly to them, man by man, that they draw not their ships into the sea."

其时，阿耳吉维人很可能冲破命运的制约，实现回家的企愿，若不是赫拉开口发话，对雅典娜说道：“太不像话了！你瞧瞧，阿特鲁托亲[注]，带埃吉斯的宙斯的女儿。按眼下的事态，阿耳吉维人是打算跨过大海浩森的水浪，逃回世代居住的乡园，把阿耳戈斯的海伦[注]丢给普里阿摩斯和特洛伊兵壮，为他们增添光彩——为了她，多少阿开亚人亡命在远离故乡的特洛伊平野！现在，你要前往身披铜甲的阿开亚人的群队，用和气的话语劝阻口每一位兵汉，不要让他们拽起弯翘的木船，拖人滩外的大海！”

【评析：点出海伦之为战争的原因，亦即荣誉问题。在古希腊人看来，荣誉就是正义。在今日中国，荣誉并不能等于正义，但没有荣誉，也就没有正义可言。】

Minerva was not slack to do her bidding. Down she darted from the topmost summits of Olympus, and in a moment she was at the ships of the Achaeans. There she found Ulysses, peer of Jove in counsel, standing alone. He had not as yet laid a hand upon his ship, for he was grieved and sorry; so she went close up to him and said, "Ulysses, noble son of Laertes, are you going to fling yourselves into your ships and be off home to your own land in this way? Will you leave Priam and the Trojans the glory of still keeping Helen, for whose sake so many of the Achaeans have died at Troy, far from their homes? Go about at once among the host, and speak fairly to them, man by man, that they draw not their ships into the sea."

赫拉言罢，灰眼睛女神雅典娜谨遵不违，急速出发，从俄林波斯山巅直冲而下，转眼便到了阿开亚人的快船边。她发现和宙斯一样精擅谋略的俄底修斯此刻正呆站在那边，不曾动手拖船，那条乌黑的。凳板坚固的海船——眼前的情景使他心灰意寒。眼睛灰蓝的雅典娜站在他的身边，开口说道：“莱耳忒斯之子，神的后裔，足智多谋的俄底修斯，怎么，这是件应该发生的事情吗？你们真的要把自己扔上凳板坚固的海船，逃回你们热爱的乡园，把阿耳戈斯的海伦丢给普里阿摩斯和特洛伊兵壮，为他们增添光彩——为了她，多少阿开亚人亡命在远离故乡的特洛伊平野！不要灰心，插入混跑的人群，用和气的话语拖劝回每一位兵汉，不要让他们拽起弯翘的木船，拖人滩外的大海。”

【评析：智者是神灵的代理人，但在不经意间成为铸成大错的人，以其智也。】

Ulysses knew the voice as that of the goddess: he flung his cloak from him and set off to run. His servant Eurybates, a man of Ithaca, who waited on him, took charge of the cloak, whereon Ulysses went straight up to Agamemnon and received from him his ancestral, imperishable staff. With this he went about among the ships of the Achaeans.

雅典娜如此一番告诫，俄底修斯听出了女神的声音，马上蹽开腿步，甩出披篷，被跟随左右的伊萨凯使者欧鲁巴忒斯手接。他跑至阿特柔斯之子阿伽门农的面前，从后者手中抓过祖传的、永不败坏的权杖；然后，王杖在手，大步向前，沿着身披铜甲的阿开亚人的海船。

Whenever he met a king or chieftain, he stood by him and spoke him fairly. "Sir," said he, "this flight is cowardly and unworthy. Stand to your post, and bid your people also keep their places. You do not yet know the full mind of Agamemnon; he was sounding us, and ere long will visit the Achaeans with his displeasure. We were not all of us at the council to hear what he then said; see to it lest he be angry and do us a mischief; for the pride of kings is great, and the hand of Jove is with them."

每当遇见某位王者或某个有地位身份的人，他就止步在后者身边，好言好语地劝他回返：“我的朋友，我可不会出言威胁，把你当做贪生怕死的小人，但你自己应该站住，并挡回溃散的人群。你还没有真正弄懂阿特柔斯之子的用意，他在试探你们，马上即会动怒翻脸。我们不都听过他在辩议会上对阿开亚人的儿子们讲过的那番话吗？但愿他不致暴怒攻心，伤损军队的元气。王者的愤怒非同小可，他们受到神的思宠；他们的荣誉得之于宙斯，享受多谋善断的大神的钟爱。”

But when he came across any common man who was making a noise, he struck him with his staff and rebuked him, saying, "Sirrah, hold your peace, and listen to better men than yourself. You are a coward and no soldier; you are nobody either in fight or council; we cannot all be kings; it is not well that there should be many masters; one man must be supreme- one king to whom the son of scheming Saturn has given the sceptre of sovereignty over you all."

然而，当见到喧叫的普通士兵，他便会动用王杖击打，辅之以一顿臭骂：“你这蠢货，还不给我老老实实地坐下，服从你的上司。那些比你们杰出的人的命令。你这个逃兵，贪生怕死的家伙，战场和议事会上一无所用的窝囊废！阿开亚人岂能个个都是王者？王者众多可不是件好事。这里只应有一个统治者，一个大王——此王执掌着工于心计的克罗诺斯的儿子授予的权杖和评审是非的标准，统治属下的子民。”

【评析：权力与双重标准，密不可分。重视社会组织的差序格局，乃政治运作的第一原理。】

Thus masterfully did he go about among the host, and the people hurried back to the council from their tents and ships with a sound as the thunder of surf when it comes crashing down upon the shore, and all the sea is in an uproar.

就这样，他以强有力的手段整饬着军队的秩序，直到众人吵吵嚷嚷地涌回集会地点，从海船和营棚那边，一如在那惊涛轰响的洋面，浪峰冲击着漫长的滩沿，大海呼吼咆哮，翻卷沸腾。

The rest now took their seats and kept to their own several places, but Thersites still went on wagging his unbridled tongue- a man of many words, and those unseemly; a monger of sedition, a railer against all who were in authority, who cared not what he said, so that he might set the Achaeans in a laugh. He was the ugliest man of all those that came before Troy- bandy-legged, lame of one foot, with his two shoulders rounded and hunched over his chest. His head ran up to a point, but there was little hair on the top of it. Achilles and Ulysses hated him worst of all, for it was with them that he was most wont to wrangle; now, however, with a shrill squeaky voice he began heaping his abuse on Agamemnon. The Achaeans were angry and disgusted, yet none the less he kept on brawling and bawling at the son of Atreus.

其时，人们各就各位，会场秩序井然，例外只有一个，多嘴快舌的塞耳西忒斯，仍在不停地骂骂咧咧。此人满脑袋的颠词倒语，不时语无伦次，徒劳无益地和王者们争辩，用词不计妥适，但求能逗引众人开怀。围攻伊利昂的军伍中，他是最丑的一个：两腿外屈，撇着一只拐脚，双肩前耸，弯挤在胸前，挑着一个尖翘的脑袋，稀稀拉拉地长着几蓬茸毛。阿基琉斯恨之最切，俄底修斯亦然，两位首领始终是他辱骂的目标。但现在，他把成串的脏话设向卓越的阿伽门农，由此极大地冒犯了阿开亚人，激起了他们的共愤。塞耳西忒斯扯开嗓门，出口辱骂，对着阿伽门农：

"Agamemnon," he cried, "what ails you now, and what more do you want? Your tents are filled with bronze and with fair women, for whenever we take a town we give you the pick of them. Would you have yet more gold, which some Trojan is to give you as a ransom for his son, when I or another Achaean has taken him prisoner? or is it some young girl to hide and lie with? It is not well that you, the ruler of the Achaeans, should bring them into such misery. Weakling cowards, women rather than men, let us sail home, and leave this fellow here at Troy to stew in his own meeds of honour, and discover whether we were of any service to him or no. Achilles is a much better man than he is, and see how he has treated him- robbing him of his prize and keeping it himself. Achilles takes it meekly and shows no fight; if he did, son of Atreus, you would never again insult him."

“阿特柔斯之子，我不知你现时还缺少什么，或还有什么不满意的？你的那些个营棚，里面推满了青铜，成群的美女充彻着你的棚后——每当攻陷一座城堡，我们阿开亚人就把最好的女子向你奉献。或许，你还需要更多的黄金？驯马好手特洛伊人的某个儿子会把它当做赎礼送来，虽然抓住战俘的是我，或是某个阿开亚人。或许，我要一位年轻女子和你同床作乐，避开众人，把她占为己有？不，作为统帅，你不能为此把阿开亚人的儿子们推向战争的血口！儿子们？哼，懦弱的傻瓜，恬不知耻的可怜虫！你们是女人，不是阿开亚人的男儿！让我们驾起海船回家，把这个家伙离弃在特洛伊，任他纵情享受他的战礼，这样，他才会知道我等众人的作用，在此是否帮过他的忙。现在，他已侮辱了阿基琉斯，一个远比他杰出的战勇，夺走了他的份礼，霸为己有。然而，阿基琉斯没有因此怀恨在心，而是愿意任其舒缓消泻；否则，阿特柔斯之子，这将是你最后一次霸道横行！”

【评析：荷马为什么让一个anti-hero讲这番话？又一个掺沙子？】

Thus railed Thersites, but Ulysses at once went up to him and rebuked him sternly. "Check your glib tongue, Thersites," said he, "and babble not a word further. Chide not with princes when you have none to back you. There is no viler creature come before Troy with the sons of Atreus. Drop this chatter about kings, and neither revile them nor keep harping about going home. We do not yet know how things are going to be, nor whether the Achaeans are to return with good success or evil. How dare you gibe at Agamemnon because the Danaans have awarded him so many prizes? I tell you, therefore- and it shall surely be- that if I again catch you talking such nonsense, I will either forfeit my own head and be no more called father of Telemachus, or I will take you, strip you stark naked, and whip you out of the assembly till you go blubbering back to the ships."

就这样，塞耳西忒斯破口辱骂阿伽门农，兵士的牧者。其时，卓越的俄底修斯急步上前，怒目而视，大声呵叱道：“虽说讲得畅快流利，塞耳西忒斯，你的活简直是一派胡言！住嘴吧，不要妄想和王者们试比高低。在跟随阿特柔斯的儿子们来到伊利昂城下的官兵中，我相信，你是最坏的一个。所以，你不应对着王者们信口开河，出言不逊，也不要侈谈撤兵返航的事宜。我们无法预测战事的结局，天知道阿开亚人的儿子们将带着什么踏上归途，是胜利的喜悦，还是失败的惨痛。然而，你却坐在这边，痛骂阿特柔斯之子，兵士的牧者阿伽门农，只因达奈人的斗士们给了他大份的战礼。除了恶语伤人，你还会干什么？我还有一事奉告，相信我，它将成为现实。倘若让我再次发现你像刚才那样装疯卖傻，那么，假如我不抓住你，剥了你的衣服，你的披篷和遮掩光身的衣衫，狠狠地把你打出集会，任你鬼哭狼嚎，把你一丝不挂地赶回快船，就让我的脑袋和双肩分家——从此以后，尔等再也不要叫我忒勒马科斯的亲爹！”

On this he beat him with his staff about the back and shoulders till he dropped and fell a-weeping. The golden sceptre raised a bloody weal on his back, so he sat down frightened and in pain, looking foolish as he wiped the tears from his eyes. The people were sorry for him, yet they laughed heartily, and one would turn to his neighbour saying, "Ulysses has done many a good thing ere now in fight and council, but he never did the Argives a better turn than when he stopped this fellow's mouth from prating further. He will give the kings no more of his insolence."

言毕，俄底修斯扬起权杖，狠揍他的脊背和双肩，后者佝偻起身子，豆大的泪珠顺着脸颊滴淌。金铸的王杖打出一条带血的隆起的条痕，在双脚之间；他畏缩着坐下，忍着伤痛，呆呆地睁着双眼，抬手抹去滚涌的泪珠。望着他的窘态，人们虽然心头烦恼，全都高兴得咧嘴哄笑，目视身边的伙伴，开口说道：“哈，真精彩！俄底修斯做过成千上百的好事，出谋划策，编组战阵，但所有的一切都比不上今天所做的这一件——他封住了一张骂人的嘴巴，一条厥词乱放的舌头！今后，这位勇士将再也不会受激情的驱使，辱骂我们的王爷！”

Thus said the people. Then Ulysses rose, sceptre in hand, and Minerva in the likeness of a herald bade the people be still, that those who were far off might hear him and consider his council. He therefore with all sincerity and goodwill addressed them thus:-

众人如此一番说道，但俄底修斯，荡劫城堡的战勇，其时手握王杖，昂首挺立，身边站着灰眼睛的雅典娜，以使者的模样出现，命令人们保持肃静，使坐在前排和末排的阿开亚人的儿子们都能听到他的话语，认真考虑他的规劝。怀着对众人的善意，俄底修斯放声说道：

"King Agamemnon, the Achaeans are for making you a by-word among all mankind. They forget the promise they made you when they set out from Argos, that you should not return till you had sacked the town of Troy, and, like children or widowed women, they murmur and would set off homeward. True it is that they have had toil enough to be disheartened. A man chafes at having to stay away from his wife even for a single month, when he is on shipboard, at the mercy of wind and sea, but it is now nine long years that we have been kept here; I cannot, therefore, blame the Achaeans if they turn restive; still we shall be shamed if we go home empty after so long a stay- therefore, my friends, be patient yet a little longer that we may learn whether the prophesyings of Calchas were false or true.

“阿特桑斯之子，尊贵的王者——现在，你的士兵们正试图使你丢脸，在所有的凡人面前。他们不想实践当年从牧草丰肥的阿耳戈斯发兵时所作的承诺，保证决不还家，在血洗墙垣精固的伊利昂之前。现在，他们哭喊着试图拖船返航，像一群不懂事的孩子或落寡的妇人。诚然，让人们带着沮丧的心情返家，也同样是难事一件。任何出门在外，远离妻房的人，因受阻于冬日的强风和汹涌的海浪而不能前行时，只消一个月，便会在带凳板的海船上坐立不安。而我们，我们已在此挨过了第九个年头；所以，我不想责备海船边的阿开亚人，你们有理由感到焦烦。但尽管如此，在此呆了这么些年头，然后两手空空地回去，总是件丢脸的事儿。坚持一下，朋友们，再稍待一段时间，直到我们弄清卡尔卡斯的预卜是否灵验。

【评析：俄底休斯的荣誉观与Thersites的荣誉观形成鲜明的对照。】

"All who have not since perished must remember as though it were yesterday or the day before, how the ships of the Achaeans were detained in Aulis when we were on our way hither to make war on Priam and the Trojans. We were ranged round about a fountain offering hecatombs to the gods upon their holy altars, and there was a fine plane-tree from beneath which there welled a stream of pure water. Then we saw a prodigy; for Jove sent a fearful serpent out of the ground, with blood-red stains upon its back, and it darted from under the altar on to the plane-tree. Now there was a brood of young sparrows, quite small, upon the topmost bough, peeping out from under the leaves, eight in all, and their mother that hatched them made nine. The serpent ate the poor cheeping things, while the old bird flew about lamenting her little ones; but the serpent threw his coils about her and caught her by the wing as she was screaming. Then, when he had eaten both the sparrow and her young, the god who had sent him made him become a sign; for the son of scheming Saturn turned him into stone, and we stood there wondering at that which had come to pass. Seeing, then, that such a fearful portent had broken in upon our hecatombs, Calchas forthwith declared to us the oracles of heaven. 'Why, Achaeans,' said he, 'are you thus speechless? Jove has sent us this sign, long in coming, and long ere it be fulfilled, though its fame shall last for ever. As the serpent ate the eight fledglings and the sparrow that hatched them, which makes nine, so shall we fight nine years at Troy, but in the tenth shall take the town.' This was what he said, and now it is all coming true. Stay here, therefore, all of you, till we take the city of Priam."

我们都还清楚地记得那段往事，而你们大家，每一个死神尚未摄走灵魂的人，也都曾亲眼目见；此事就像发生在昨天或是前天——当时，阿开亚舰队正集聚在奥利斯，满载着送给普里阿摩斯和特洛伊人的灾愁。在一泓泉流的边沿，一棵挺拔的松树下，清湛的水面闪着烁烁的鳞光，当我们用全盛的牲品在神圣的祭坛上奠祀众神时，一个含意深邃的预兆出现在我们眼前。一条长蛇，俄林波斯大神亲手丢进昼光里的生灵，背上带着血痕，可怕，从祭坛下爬了出来，朝着松树匍匐向前。树上坐着一窝小鸟，一窝嗷嗷待哺的麻雀，鸟巢筑在树端的枝桠上，叶片下，雏鸟嗦嗦发抖，一窝八只，连同生养它们的母亲，一共九只。蛇把幼鸟尽数吞食，全然不顾后者凄惨的尖叫，雌鸟竭声哀鸣，为了孩子们的不幸，扑门在蛇的上方。青蛇盘起身子，迅猛出击，钳住她的翅膀，伴随着雌鸟的嘶号；长蛇吞食了麻雀，连同她的雏鸟。其后那位送蛇前来的大神把它化作一座碑标——工于心计的克罗诺斯之子把蛇变成了石头。我等震惊不已，站立观望，这发生在眼前的奇景。当那些可怕、怪诞的预卜之物掉进祀神的牲祭后，卡尔卡斯开口直言，卜释出神的旨意：‘为何瞠目结舌，你们，长发的阿开亚人？多谋善断的宙斯已对我们显示了一个惊人心魂的兆示，此事将在以后，哪怕是久远的以后兑现；使大事业的光荣将与日月同辉。长蛇吞食了麻雀，连同她的雏鸟，一窝人只，连同生养它们的母亲，一共九只，所以，我们将在特洛伊苦战等同此数的年份，直到第十个年头，我们将攻克这座路面宽阔的城堡。’这便是他的卜释。现在，大家都已看到，这一切正在变成现实。振作起来，胫甲坚固的阿开亚人，让我们全都留在这里，直到夺取普里阿摩斯的这座宏伟的城堡！”

On this the Argives raised a shout, till the ships rang again with the uproar. Nestor, knight of Gerene, then addressed them. "Shame on you," he cried, "to stay talking here like children, when you should fight like men. Where are our covenants now, and where the oaths that we have taken? Shall our counsels be flung into the fire, with our drink-offerings and the right hands of fellowship wherein we have put our trust? We waste our time in words, and for all our talking here shall be no further forward. Stand, therefore, son of Atreus, by your own steadfast purpose; lead the Argives on to battle, and leave this handful of men to rot, who scheme, and scheme in vain, to get back to Argos ere they have learned whether Jove be true or a liar. For the mighty son of Saturn surely promised that we should succeed, when we Argives set sail to bring death and destruction upon the Trojans. He showed us favourable signs by flashing his lightning on our right hands; therefore let none make haste to go till he has first lain with the wife of some Trojan, and avenged the toil and sorrow that he has suffered for the sake of Helen. Nevertheless, if any man is in such haste to be at home again, let him lay his hand to his ship that he may meet his doom in the sight of all. But, O king, consider and give ear to my counsel, for the word that I say may not be neglected lightly. Divide your men, Agamemnon, into their several tribes and clans, that clans and tribes may stand by and help one another. If you do this, and if the Achaeans obey you, you will find out who, both chiefs and peoples, are brave, and who are cowards; for they will vie against the other. Thus you shall also learn whether it is through the counsel of heaven or the cowardice of man that you shall fail to take the town."

听罢这番话，阿耳吉维人中爆发出震天的喊声；他们纵情欢呼，赞同俄底修斯的讲话，神一样的壮勇；身边的船艘回扬出巨大的轰响，荡送着阿开亚人的呼吼。其时，人群中响起了格瑞尼亚的[注]车战者奈斯托耳的声音：“耻辱，耻辱啊！看看你们在集会上的表现吧，简直像一群调皮捣蛋的娃娃，对战事一窍不通的毛孩！应该给我们的那些协议和誓言找个去处了吧？把它们统统扔进火里，什么磋商啦，什么计划之类的东西，连同那泼出去的不掺水的奠酒——什么紧握的右手，还不是虚设的仪酬！我们只能徒劳无益地争吵辱骂，找不到任何解决问题的办法，虽然我们已在此挨过了漫长的时光。阿特柔斯之子，不要动摇，像往常一样坚强，贯彻初时的计划，率领阿耳吉维兵勇，冲向拼搏的战场！到于那些人，那一两个打算离开队伍的逃兵，让他们自取灭亡好了，他们将一无所得，匆匆跑回阿耳戈斯，连带埃吉斯的宙斯的允诺，连它的虚实都不曾弄明白。我要提醒你们，早在我们踏上快船的那一天，满载着送给特洛伊人的死亡和毁灭，力大无比的克洛诺斯的儿子就已对我们作过允愿；他把闪电打在我们的右上方，光亮中闪烁着吉祥的兆端。所以，在没有和一个特洛伊人的妻子睡觉之前——作为对海伦所经受的磨难和不让她实现回归愿望的报复[注]——谁也不要急急忙忙地启程回返。但是，如果有人发疯似地想要回家，那么，只要他把双手搭上凳板坚固的黑船，便会在众目睽睽之下惨死暴灭。至于你，尊贵的王者，也应谨慎行事，倾听别人的议说。我有一番告诫，你可不要把它置之脑后。听着，阿伽门农，把你的人按部族或宗族编阵，使宗族和宗族相互支助，部族和部族互为帮援。若能此般布阵，而将士又能从命，你就能看出哪位首领贪生，哪些兵勇怕死，谁个勇敢，哪支部队豪蛮——因为他们都以部氏为伍，投身拼斗。由此，你亦可进一步得知，假如这座城池久攻不下，原因何在：是天意，是兵卒的怯弱，还是他们不懂战争，一帮门外汉。”

And Agamemnon answered, "Nestor, you have again outdone the sons of the Achaeans in counsel. Would, by Father Jove, Minerva, and Apollo, that I had among them ten more such councillors, for the city of King Priam would then soon fall beneath our hands, and we should sack it. But the son of Saturn afflicts me with bootless wranglings and strife. Achilles and I are quarrelling about this girl, in which matter I was the first to offend; if we can be of one mind again, the Trojans will not stave off destruction for a day. Now, therefore, get your morning meal, that our hosts join in fight. Whet well your spears; see well to the ordering of your shields; give good feeds to your horses, and look your chariots carefully over, that we may do battle the livelong day; for we shall have no rest, not for a moment, till night falls to part us. The bands that bear your shields shall be wet with the sweat upon your shoulders, your hands shall weary upon your spears, your horses shall steam in front of your chariots, and if I see any man shirking the fight, or trying to keep out of it at the ships, there shall be no help for him, but he shall be a prey to dogs and vultures."

听罢这番话，强有力的阿伽门农答道：说得好！争辩中，老人家，你又一次胜过了阿开亚人的儿子们，哦，父亲宙斯，雅典娜，阿波罗，阿开亚人中要是有十个如此杰出的谋士，何愁普里阿摩斯王的城堡不对我们俯首，被我们攻占，劫洗！然而，克罗诺斯之子，带埃吉斯的宙斯反倒给了我苦难，把我投入了有害无益的辱骂和争斗。为了一个姑娘，我和阿基琉斯竟至于唇枪舌剑，而我还率先动了雷霆。倘若我俩能齐心合谋，特洛伊人就难以继续躲避灭顶的重击，一刻也不能！好了，回去吃饱肚子，以便重新开战。大家要磨快枪尖，整备好盾牌，喂饱捷蹄的快马，仔细检察战车，加强战斗意识，以便投身可恨的战争，打上一个整天，没有间息，连喘气的时间都没有，直到夜色降临，隔开怒气冲冲的兵汉。汗水将会湿透勒在肩上的背带，连接着护身的盾牌，紧握枪矛的双手将要忍受酸痛，快马将跑得热汗涔涔，拖着滑亮的战车。届时，若是让我看到有人试图逃避战斗，藏身弯翘的海船，那么，对于他，要想躲避饿狗和兀鹫的利爪，将比登天还难！”

Thus he spoke, and the Achaeans roared applause. As when the waves run high before the blast of the south wind and break on some lofty headland, dashing against it and buffeting it without ceasing, as the storms from every quarter drive them, even so did the Achaeans rise and hurry in all directions to their ships. There they lighted their fires at their tents and got dinner, offering sacrifice every man to one or other of the gods, and praying each one of them that he might live to come out of the fight. Agamemnon, king of men, sacrificed a fat five-year-old bull to the mighty son of Saturn, and invited the princes and elders of his host. First he asked Nestor and King Idomeneus, then the two Ajaxes and the son of Tydeus, and sixthly Ulysses, peer of gods in counsel; but Menelaus came of his own accord, for he knew how busy his brother then was. They stood round the bull with the barley-meal in their hands, and Agamemnon prayed, saying, "Jove, most glorious, supreme, that dwellest in heaven, and ridest upon the storm-cloud, grant that the sun may not go down, nor the night fall, till the palace of Priam is laid low, and its gates are consumed with fire. Grant that my sword may pierce the shirt of Hector about his heart, and that full many of his comrades may bite the dust as they fall dying round him."

言罢，阿耳吉维人中爆发出震天的呼声，犹如排空的激浪，受飞扫直下的南风的驱使，撞击在挺拔的峭壁上——此般突兀的石岩，永远是海浪扑击的对象，而各种去向不同的疾风，此时亦兴波助浪，有的刮自这片海面，有的扫往那个方向。众人站立起来，三五成群地走回海船，他们在营棚边点起炊火，填饱了肚子，每人都祀祭过一位不死的神祗，求神保佑，躲过死的抓捕，战争的煎磨。民众的王者阿伽门农献祭了一头肥壮的公牛，五岁的牙口，给宙斯，克罗诺斯力大无比的儿郎。他召来全军的精华，阿开亚人的首领，首当其冲的是奈斯托耳，然后是王者伊多墨纽斯，两位埃阿斯，图丢斯之子狄俄墨得斯，还有俄底修斯，来者中的第六位，和宙斯一样精擅谋略的壮勇。啸吼战场的墨奈劳斯不邀自来。心中明白兄长的心事重重。他们围着公牛站定，抓起大麦。强有力的阿伽门农在人杰中开口诵祷：“宙斯，光荣的典范，伟大的象征，雄居天空的乌云之神，我们求你助佑：在我没有掀翻普里阿摩斯那四壁焦黑的厅堂[注]，捣烂他的门户之前，在我没有撕裂赫克托耳的衫衣，用铜矛剁碎他的胸膛之前，还有他身边的那许多伙伴，我要把他们打翻在地，嘴啃泥尘——在这一切没有发生之前，宙斯，不要让太阳沉落，不要让黑暗捆住我们的手脚！”

Thus he prayed, but the son of Saturn would not fulfil his prayer. He accepted the sacrifice, yet none the less increased their toil continually. When they had done praying and sprinkling the barley-meal upon the victim, they drew back its head, killed it, and then flayed it. They cut out the thigh-bones, wrapped them round in two layers of fat, and set pieces of raw meat on the top of them. These they burned upon the split logs of firewood, but they spitted the inward meats, and held them in the flames to cook. When the thigh-bones were burned, and they had tasted the inward meats, they cut the rest up small, put the pieces upon spits, roasted them till they were done, and drew them off; then, when they had finished their work and the feast was ready, they ate it, and every man had his full share, so that all were satisfied. As soon as they had had enough to eat and drink, Nestor, knight of Gerene, began to speak. "King Agamemnon," said he, "let us not stay talking here, nor be slack in the work that heaven has put into our hands. Let the heralds summon the people to gather at their several ships; we will then go about among the host, that we may begin fighting at once."

他如此一番祈祷，但克罗诺斯之子将不会予以兑现。他收下祭礼，却反而加剧了谁也不想取要的痛苦。当众人作过祈祷，撒过祭麦后，他们扳起祭中的头颅，割断喉管，剥去皮张，然后剔下腿肉，用油脂包裹腿骨，双层，把小块的生肉置于其上。他们把肉包放在净过枝叶的、劈开的木块上焚烧，用又子挑起内脏，悬置在赫法伊斯托斯的柴火上烧烤。焚祭过牛的腿件，品尝过内脏，他们把所剩部分切成小块，用叉子挑起来仔细炙烤后，脱叉备用。当一切整治完毕，盛宴已经排开，他们张嘴咀嚼，人人都吃到足份的餐肴。当众人满足了吃喝的欲望，奈斯托耳，格瑞尼亚的车战者，开口说道：“阿特柔斯之子，最高贵的王者，全军的统帅阿伽门农，让我们不要吵个没完没了，也不要继续耽搁神祗交给我们的使命。干起来吧，让身披铜甲的阿开亚人的信使大声招呼各支部队，聚汇在海船旁。作为首领，我们要一起行进在阿开亚人宽阔的营盘，以便更快地催起凶蛮的战斗狂潮。”

Thus did he speak, and Agamemnon heeded his words. He at once sent the criers round to call the people in assembly. So they called them, and the people gathered thereon. The chiefs about the son of Atreus chose their men and marshalled them, while Minerva went among them holding her priceless aegis that knows neither age nor death. From it there waved a hundred tassels of pure gold, all deftly woven, and each one of them worth a hundred oxen. With this she darted furiously everywhere among the hosts of the Achaeans, urging them forward, and putting courage into the heart of each, so that he might fight and do battle without ceasing. Thus war became sweeter in their eyes even than returning home in their ships. As when some great forest fire is raging upon a mountain top and its light is seen afar, even so as they marched the gleam of their armour flashed up into the firmament of heaven.

他如此一番诫告，民众的王者阿伽门农纳用了他的议言，马上命令嗓音清亮的使者，召呼长发的阿开亚人投身战斗。信使们奔走呼号，队伍很快聚合起来。首领们，这些宙斯哺育的王者，和阿伽门农一起四处奔跑，整顿队伍。灰眼睛的雅典娜活跃在他们中间，带着那面埃吉斯，贵重的、永恒的、永不败坏的珍宝，边沿飘舞着一百条金质的流苏，流苏织工精致，每条都抵得上一百头牛的换价[注]。挟着埃吉斯的闪光，女神穿行在阿开亚人的队伍，督促他们前进，在每一个战士的心里激发起连续战斗的勇气和力量。其时，在他们看来，比之驾着深旷的海船，返回亲爱的故乡，战斗是一件更为甜美的事情。像横扫一切的烈焰，吞噬着覆盖群峰的森林，老远亦可跳见冲天的火光，战勇们雄赳赳地向前迈进，气势不凡的青铜甲械闪着耀眼的光芒，穿过气空，直指苍穹。

They were like great flocks of geese, or cranes, or swans on the plain about the waters of Cayster, that wing their way hither and thither, glorying in the pride of flight, and crying as they settle till the fen is alive with their screaming. Even thus did their tribes pour from ships and tents on to the plain of the Scamander, and the ground rang as brass under the feet of men and horses. They stood as thick upon the flower-bespangled field as leaves that bloom in summer.

宛如生栖在考斯特里俄斯河边的亚细亚[注]泽地上的不同种类的水鸟，有野鹤、鹳鹤和脖子颀长的天鹅，展开骄傲的翅膀，或东或西地飞翔，然后成群的停泊在水泽里，整片草野回荡着它们的声响——来自各个部族的兵勇，从海船和营棚里蜂拥到斯卡曼得罗斯平原，承受着人脚和马蹄的踩踏，大地发出可怕的震响。他们在花团似锦的斯卡曼得罗斯平原上摆开阵势，数千之众，人丁之多就像春天的树叶和鲜花。

As countless swarms of flies buzz around a herdsman's homestead in the time of spring when the pails are drenched with milk, even so did the Achaeans swarm on to the plain to charge the Trojans and destroy them.

军队铺开了，像不同部族的苍蝇，成群结队地飞旋在羊圈周围，在那春暖季节，鲜奶溢满提桶的时候——就以此般数量，长发的阿开亚人挺立在平原上，面对特洛伊人，渴望着捣烂他们的营阵。

The chiefs disposed their men this way and that before the fight began, drafting them out as easily as goatherds draft their flocks when they have got mixed while feeding; and among them went King Agamemnon, with a head and face like Jove the lord of thunder, a waist like Mars, and a chest like that of Neptune. As some great bull that lords it over the herds upon the plain, even so did Jove make the son of Atreus stand peerless among the multitude of heroes.

军队排开战斗序列，像有经验的牧人，将大群的山羊——其时混合在一起，牧食在草野上——得体地分成小股，首领们忙着分遣部队，有的调这，有的去那，作好进击的准备。强有力的阿伽门农迈步在他们中间，头眼宛如喜好雷霆的宙斯，摆着阿瑞斯的胸围，挺着波塞冬的胸脯。恰似牛群中的一头格外高大强健的雄杰，一头硕大的公牛，以伟岸的身形独领风骚——那一天，宙斯让阿特柔斯之子显现出雄伟的身姿，鹤立在全军之上，突显在将勇之中。

And now, O Muses, dwellers in the mansions of Olympus, tell me- for you are goddesses and are in all places so that you see all things, while we know nothing but by report- who were the chiefs and princes of the Danaans? As for the common soldiers, they were so that I could not name every single one of them though I had ten tongues, and though my voice failed not and my heart were of bronze within me, unless you, O Olympian Muses, daughters of aegis-bearing Jove, were to recount them to me. Nevertheless, I will tell the captains of the ships and all the fleet together.

告诉我，家住俄林波斯的缪斯，女神，你们无处不在，无事不晓；而我们，只能满足于道听途说，对往事一无知了。告诉我，谁是达奈人的王者，统治着他们的军旅？我无法谈说大群中的普通一兵，也道不出他们的名字，即便长着十条舌头，十张嘴巴，即使有一管不知疲倦的喉咙，一颗青铜铸就的心。不，我做不到这一点，除非俄林波斯山上的缪斯，带埃吉斯的宙斯的女儿，把所有来到特洛伊城下的士卒都—一下告于我。所以，下面提及的，只是率统船队的首领和海船的数目。

Peneleos, Leitus, Arcesilaus, Prothoenor, and Clonius were captains of the Boeotians. These were they that dwelt in Hyria and rocky Aulis, and who held Schoenus, Scolus, and the highlands of Eteonus, with Thespeia, Graia, and the fair city of Mycalessus. They also held Harma, Eilesium, and Erythrae; and they had Eleon, Hyle, and Peteon; Ocalea and the strong fortress of Medeon; Copae, Eutresis, and Thisbe the haunt of doves; Coronea, and the pastures of Haliartus; Plataea and Glisas; the fortress of Thebes the less; holy Onchestus with its famous grove of Neptune; Arne rich in vineyards; Midea, sacred Nisa, and Anthedon upon the sea. From these there came fifty ships, and in each there were a hundred and twenty young men of the Boeotians.

雷托斯和裴奈琉斯乃波伊俄提亚人的首领，和阿耳开西劳斯、普罗梭诺耳及克洛尼俄斯一起统领部队。兵勇们有的家住呼里亚和山石嶙峋的奥利斯，有的家住斯科伊诺斯、斯科洛斯和山峦起伏的厄忒俄诺斯，以及塞斯裴亚、格拉亚和舞场宽阔的慕卡勒索斯；有的家住哈耳马、埃勒西昂和厄鲁斯莱，有的家居厄勒昂、呼莱、裴忒昂。俄卡莱和墙垣坚固的城堡墨得昂，以及科派、欧特瑞西斯和鸽群飞绕的希斯北；还有的来自科罗奈亚和水草肥美的哈利阿耳托斯，来自普拉塔亚和格利萨斯，来自低地塞贝[注]，坚固的城堡，和神圣的昂凯斯托斯，波塞冬闪光的林地；来自米得亚和盛产葡萄的阿耳奈，神圣的尼萨和最边端的安塞冬。他们带来五十条海船，每船载坐一百二十名波伊俄提亚人的儿男。

Ascalaphus and Ialmenus, sons of Mars, led the people that dwelt in Aspledon and Orchomenus the realm of Minyas. Astyoche a noble maiden bore them in the house of Actor son of Azeus; for she had gone with Mars secretly into an upper chamber, and he had lain with her. With these there came thirty ships.

家住阿斯普勒冬和米努埃人的俄耳科墨诺斯的兵勇们，由阿斯卡拉福斯和亚尔墨诺斯统领，阿瑞斯的儿子——羞答答的阿丝陀开在宙斯之子阿克托耳的家里生下他们；她走进上层的阁房，偷偷地和强壮的阿瑞斯同床。她的两个儿子率领着三十条深旷的海船。

The Phoceans were led by Schedius and Epistrophus, sons of mighty Iphitus the son of Naubolus. These were they that held Cyparissus, rocky Pytho, holy Crisa, Daulis, and Panopeus; they also that dwelt in Anemorea and Hyampolis, and about the waters of the river Cephissus, and Lilaea by the springs of the Cephissus; with their chieftains came forty ships, and they marshalled the forces of the Phoceans, which were stationed next to the Boeotians, on their left.

斯凯底俄斯和厄丕斯特罗福斯，心胸豪壮的纳乌彼洛斯之子伊菲托斯的儿子，统领来自福基斯的兵勇；他们来自库帕里索斯、山石嶙峋的普索、神圣的克里萨，以及道利斯和帕诺裴乌斯；来自阿奈莫瑞亚一带和呼安波利斯近围，来自神河开菲索斯两岸，来自开菲索斯河泉边的利莱亚。他们带来四十条乌黑的海船。福克斯的首领们正忙着整编队伍，立阵在波伊俄提亚人的左边。

Ajax, the fleet son of Oileus, commanded the Locrians. He was not so great, nor nearly so great, as Ajax the son of Telamon. He was a little man, and his breastplate was made of linen, but in use of the spear he excelled all the Hellenes and the Achaeans. These dwelt in Cynus, Opous, Calliarus, Bessa, Scarphe, fair Augeae, Tarphe, and Thronium about the river Boagrius. With him there came forty ships of the Locrians who dwell beyond Euboea.

俄伊琉斯之子、快捷的埃阿斯统领着洛克里斯兵勇，小埃阿斯，和忒拉蒙高大魁伟的儿子相比，个子矮小得多。然而，这位穿着亚麻布胸甲的小个子，却是赫勒奈斯人中最好的枪手。他的士兵有的家住库诺斯、俄波埃斯、卡利阿罗斯，有的家住伯萨、斯卡耳菲和美丽的奥格埃；还有的家居斯罗尼昂、塔耳菲和波阿格里俄斯流域。他带来四十条乌黑的海船，满载着洛克里斯兵勇，家乡和神圣的欧波亚隔海相望。

The fierce Abantes held Euboea with its cities, Chalcis, Eretria, Histiaea rich in vines, Cerinthus upon the sea, and the rock-perched town of Dium; with them were also the men of Carystus and Styra; Elephenor of the race of Mars was in command of these; he was son of Chalcodon, and chief over all the Abantes. With him they came, fleet of foot and wearing their hair long behind, brave warriors, who would ever strive to tear open the corslets of their foes with their long ashen spears. Of these there came fifty ships.

来自欧波亚岛的兵勇们，怒气冲冲的阿邦忒斯人，散居在卡尔基斯、厄瑞特里亚和盛产葡萄的希斯提埃亚；来自靠海的开林索斯和陡峭的城堡狄昂，来自卡鲁斯托斯和斯图拉——统领这些人的是厄勒菲诺耳，阿瑞斯的后代卡尔科冬之子，心胸豪壮的阿邦忒斯人的首领。腿脚迅捷的阿邦忒斯人随他前来，长发及背，狂烈的枪手，渴望投出粗长的(木岑)木杆枪矛，捅开敌人护身的甲衣。他带来四十条乌黑的海船。

And they that held the strong city of Athens, the people of great Erechtheus, who was born of the soil itself, but Jove's daughter, Minerva, fostered him, and established him at Athens in her own rich sanctuary. There, year by year, the Athenian youths worship him with sacrifices of bulls and rams. These were commanded by Menestheus, son of Peteos. No man living could equal him in the marshalling of chariots and foot soldiers. Nestor could alone rival him, for he was older. With him there came fifty ships.

他们的紧邻是来自雅典的兵勇，墙垣坚固的城堡，心志豪莽的厄瑞克修斯统治的地域。雅典娜，宙斯的女儿，看护过丰产谷物的大地生有的厄瑞克修斯，把他置放在雅典，她的丰足的神庙里。年复一年，雅典的儿子们用键牛和公羊祭盼着他的祝佑。墨奈修斯，裴忒俄斯之子，统领着这支军旅。他擅长布设战车和用盾牌护身的甲士，人世间谁也没有他的本领，只有奈斯托耳例外，因为他是老辈人物。他带来五十条乌黑的海船。

Ajax brought twelve ships from Salamis, and stationed them alongside those of the Athenians.

埃阿斯从萨拉弥斯带来十二条海船，排列在雅典人的编队旁。

The men of Argos, again, and those who held the walls of Tiryns, with Hermione, and Asine upon the gulf; Troezene, Eionae, and the vineyard lands of Epidaurus; the Achaean youths, moreover, who came from Aegina and Mases; these were led by Diomed of the loud battle-cry, and Sthenelus son of famed Capaneus. With them in command was Euryalus, son of king Mecisteus, son of Talaus; but Diomed was chief over them all. With these there came eighty ships.

来自阿耳戈斯的提金斯。赫耳弥俄奈和深谷环抱的阿西奈，来自特罗伊真、埃俄奈和丰产葡萄的厄丕道罗斯的兵勇们，来自埃吉纳和马塞斯的阿开亚人的儿子们——统领这些人的是啸吼战场的狄俄墨得斯，由塞奈洛斯辅佐，声名远扬的卡帕纽斯的儿子；神一样的欧鲁阿洛斯排位第三，塔劳斯之子、国王墨基丢斯的儿子。啸吼战场的秋俄墨得斯是全军的统帅；他们带来八十条乌黑的海船。

Those who held the strong city of Mycenae, rich Corinth and Cleonae; Orneae, Araethyrea, and Licyon, where Adrastus reigned of old; Hyperesia, high Gonoessa, and Pellene; Aegium and all the coast-land round about Helice; these sent a hundred ships under the command of King Agamemnon, son of Atreus. His force was far both finest and most numerous, and in their midst was the king himself, all glorious in his armour of gleaming bronze- foremost among the heroes, for he was the greatest king, and had most men under him.

还有一支劲旅，兵勇们来自城垣坚固的慕凯奈，繁荣富足的科林斯和城垣坚固的克勒俄奈；来自俄耳内埃以及美丽的阿莱苏里亚和西库昂——阿德瑞斯托斯曾在那里为王；来自呼裴瑞西亚和陡峭的戈诺厄萨，来自裴勒奈，来自埃吉昂地区以及整个沿海地带和广阔的赫利开岬域。他们带来一百条海船，统领全军的是强有力的阿伽门农，阿特桑斯之子，带来了最好和最勇敢的兵丁。营伍里，他身披闪光的铜甲，气宇轩昂，突显在骁勇的壮士群中，因他地位最高，统领着人数最多的军伍。

And those that dwelt in Lacedaemon, lying low among the hills, Pharis, Sparta, with Messe the haunt of doves; Bryseae, Augeae, Amyclae, and Helos upon the sea; Laas, moreover, and Oetylus; these were led by Menelaus of the loud battle-cry, brother to Agamemnon, and of them there were sixty ships, drawn up apart from the others. Among them went Menelaus himself, strong in zeal, urging his men to fight; for he longed to avenge the toil and sorrow that he had suffered for the sake of Helen.

来自群山环抱、沟壑宕跌的拉凯代蒙。法里斯、斯巴达和鸽群飞绕的墨塞的兵勇，来自布鲁塞埃和美丽的奥格埃，来自阿姆克莱和濒海的城堡赫洛斯，来自拉斯和俄伊图洛斯地带的兵勇们，由阿伽门农的兄弟、啸吼战场的墨奈劳斯率领，统辖六十条海船，离着其他军旅群聚。他巡视在队伍里，坚信自己的刚勇，催督部属向前，因他渴望报仇，比谁都心切：为了海伦，他们承受了战争的悲苦和磨难。

The men of Pylos and Arene, and Thryum where is the ford of the river Alpheus; strong Aipy, Cyparisseis, and Amphigenea; Pteleum, Helos, and Dorium, where the Muses met Thamyris, and stilled his minstrelsy for ever. He was returning from Oechalia, where Eurytus lived and reigned, and boasted that he would surpass even the Muses, daughters of aegis-bearing Jove, if they should sing against him; whereon they were angry, and maimed him. They robbed him of his divine power of song, and thenceforth he could strike the lyre no more. These were commanded by Nestor, knight of Gerene, and with him there came ninety ships.

还有一支军旅，兵勇们有的家住普洛斯、美丽的阿瑞奈。斯鲁昂、阿尔菲俄斯水津地区和坚固的埃普，有的家住库帕里赛斯和安菲格内亚，家住普忒琉斯、赫洛斯和多里昂——在那里，缪斯姑娘们曾遐遇萨慕里斯，窒息了他的歌声。其时，他正从俄伊卡利亚行来，别离俄伊卡利亚国王欧鲁托斯，扬言即便是缪斯姑娘，带埃吉斯的宙斯的女儿，倘若和他赛歌，也会败在他的手下。愤怒的缪斯将他毒打致残，夺走了他那不同凡响的歌喉，使他忘却了拨唱的本领。统带这些兵勇的是奈斯托耳，格瑞尼亚的车战者，率掌九十条弯翘的海船。

And those that held Arcadia, under the high mountain of Cyllene, near the tomb of Aepytus, where the people fight hand to hand; the men of Pheneus also, and Orchomenus rich in flocks; of Rhipae, Stratie, and bleak Enispe; of Tegea and fair Mantinea; of Stymphelus and Parrhasia; of these King Agapenor son of Ancaeus was commander, and they had sixty ships. Many Arcadians, good soldiers, came in each one of them, but Agamemnon found them the ships in which to cross the sea, for they were not a people that occupied their business upon the waters.

来自陡峭的库勒奈山脚，埃普托斯的墓旁，来自阿耳卡底亚的善于近战杀敌的兵勇们，家住菲纽斯和羊儿成群的俄耳科墨诺斯，家居里培、斯特拉提亚和多风的厄尼斯培，来自忒格亚和美丽的曼提奈亚，来自斯屯法洛斯和家住帕耳拉西亚的兵勇们，均由安格凯俄斯的儿子、强有力的阿伽裴诺耳统领，带来六十条海船，满载着众多的兵卒，能征惯战的阿耳卡底亚军勇。民众的王者阿伽门农给了他们这些凳板坚固的海船，供他们征服酒蓝色的大海。是的，是阿特柔斯之子给他们配备了海船，这些不会航海的内地人。

The men, moreover, of Buprasium and of Elis, so much of it as is enclosed between Hyrmine, Myrsinus upon the sea-shore, the rock Olene and Alesium. These had four leaders, and each of them had ten ships, with many Epeans on board. Their captains were Amphimachus and Thalpius- the one, son of Cteatus, and the other, of Eurytus- both of the race of Actor. The two others were Diores, son of Amarynces, and Polyxenus, son of King Agasthenes, son of Augeas.

家住布普拉西昂和杰著的厄利斯，一整片地带，远至边城呼耳弥奈和慕耳西诺斯，以及它们之间的俄勒尼亚石岩和阿勒西昂的兵勇们，受制于四位首领，各带十条快船，满载着众多的厄利斯兵勇。安菲马科斯和萨尔丕俄斯，阿克托耳的后代，一位是克忒阿托斯之子，另一位是欧鲁托斯之子，各率一支分队；阿马仑丘斯之子、强健的狄俄瑞斯统领另一支兵伍；第四支分队由神一样的波鲁克塞诺斯统领，阿伽塞奈斯之子，墨格亚斯的后代。

And those of Dulichium with the sacred Echinean islands, who dwelt beyond the sea off Elis; these were led by Meges, peer of Mars, and the son of valiant Phyleus, dear to Jove, who quarrelled with his father, and went to settle in Dulichium. With him there came forty ships.

来自杜利基昂和神圣的厄基奈群岛——和厄利斯隔海相望——的兵勇，受制于墨格斯，阿瑞斯般的骁将，宙斯钟爱的车战者夫琉斯之子——因与其父闹翻，愤怒的夫琉斯跑到杜里基昂落户。他带来四十条乌黑的海船。

Ulysses led the brave Cephallenians, who held Ithaca, Neritum with its forests, Crocylea, rugged Aegilips, Samos and Zacynthus, with the mainland also that was over against the islands. These were led by Ulysses, peer of Jove in counsel, and with him there came twelve ships.

俄底修斯率领着心胸豪壮的开法勒尼亚人；兵勇们有的来自伊萨卡和枝叶婆姿的奈里同，有的家住克罗库勒亚和岩壁粗皱的埃吉利普斯，有的来自扎昆索斯，有的家住萨摩斯，有的来自陆架及面对海峡和岛屿的去处[注]。俄底修斯，像宙斯一样精擅谋略的首领，统掌这支军伍，带来十二条海船，船首涂得鲜红。

Thoas, son of Andraemon, commanded the Aetolians, who dwelt in Pleuron, Olenus, Pylene, Chalcis by the sea, and rocky Calydon, for the great king Oeneus had now no sons living, and was himself dead, as was also golden-haired Meleager, who had been set over the Aetolians to be their king. And with Thoas there came forty ships.

安德莱蒙之子索阿斯统领着埃托利亚人；兵勇们家住普琉荣、俄勒诺斯和普勒奈，来自濒海的卡尔基斯和岩石嶙峋的卡鲁冬——在那里，心志豪莽的俄伊纽斯的儿子们[注]已经销声匿迹：俄伊纽斯自己早已作古，金发的墨勒阿格罗斯亦已不复存在。所以，王权落到了索阿斯手里，统治着所有的埃托利亚人。他带来四十条乌黑的海船。

The famous spearsman Idomeneus led the Cretans, who held Cnossus, and the well-walled city of Gortys; Lyctus also, Miletus and Lycastus that lies upon the chalk; the populous towns of Phaestus and Rhytium, with the other peoples that dwelt in the hundred cities of Crete. All these were led by Idomeneus, and by Meriones, peer of murderous Mars. And with these there came eighty ships.

伊多墨纽斯，著名的枪手，是克里特人的统带，率领着来自克诺索斯和墙垣高耸的戈耳图那。鲁克托斯、米勒托斯和白垩闪亮的鲁卡斯托斯。法伊斯托斯和鲁提昂，清一色人丁兴旺的城，以及所有其他家住克里特的兵勇，这个拥有一百座城市的岛屿。[注]善使枪矛的伊多墨纽斯统领全军，由墨里俄奈斯辅佐，此人善能冲杀，像战神一样凶莽。

Tlepolemus, son of Hercules, a man both brave and large of stature, brought nine ships of lordly warriors from Rhodes. These dwelt in Rhodes which is divided among the three cities of Lindus, Ielysus, and Cameirus, that lies upon the chalk. These were commanded by Tlepolemus, son of Hercules by Astyochea, whom he had carried off from Ephyra, on the river Selleis, after sacking many cities of valiant warriors. When Tlepolemus grew up, he killed his father's uncle Licymnius, who had been a famous warrior in his time, but was then grown old. On this he built himself a fleet, gathered a great following, and fled beyond the sea, for he was menaced by the other sons and grandsons of Hercules. After a voyage. during which he suffered great hardship, he came to Rhodes, where the people divided into three communities, according to their tribes, and were dearly loved by Jove, the lord, of gods and men; wherefore the son of Saturn showered down great riches upon them.

高大强壮的特勒波勒摩斯，赫拉克勒斯之子，从罗得斯带来九条海船，满载着高傲的罗得斯兵勇。他们家住该地，按不同的区域编成三个分队：林多斯、亚鲁索斯和白垩闪亮的卡迈罗斯。统领他们的是著名的枪手特洛波勒摩斯，强有力的赫拉克勒斯的儿子，出自阿丝图陀开娅的肚腹。赫拉克勒斯掠劫过许多城市，里面住着强健、神祗哺育的壮勇，把她从厄芙拉和塞勒埃斯河畔带出。特勒波勒摩斯在精固的宫殿里长大。打死了亲爹钟爱的老舅，阿瑞斯的后代，利昆尼俄斯，当时已是一位年迈之人。他迅速整治好船队，招聚起随从，匆匆亡命海外——强有力的赫拉克勒斯的其他儿子们，连同他们的儿子们，已经放出要他偿还血债的口风。他来到罗得斯，一个流浪者，一个落魄的不幸之人。他们在那里落脚，按部族在三个地方安家，受到克罗诺斯之子、神和人的王者宙斯的钟爱，把极丰厚的财富像水一样地泼降给他们。

And Nireus brought three ships from Syme- Nireus, who was the handsomest man that came up under Ilius of all the Danaans after the son of Peleus- but he was a man of no substance, and had but a small following.

从苏墨，尼柔斯带来三条匀称的海船；尼柔斯，阿革莱娅和国王卡罗波斯之子，尼柔斯，特洛伊城下最美的男子，在所有的达奈人中，容貌仅次于无可比及的阿基琉斯。但是，此人体弱，只带来寥寥无几的兵丁。

And those that held Nisyrus, Crapathus, and Casus, with Cos, the city of Eurypylus, and the Calydnian islands, these were commanded by Pheidippus and Antiphus, two sons of King Thessalus the son of Hercules. And with them there came thirty ships.

来自尼苏罗斯、克拉帕索斯、卡索斯。科斯——欧鲁普洛的城——以及那些人称卡鲁德奈群岛的兵勇们，概由菲底波斯和安提福斯统领，王者赫拉克勒斯之子塞萨诺斯的两个儿子。他们统辖三十条深旷的海船。

Those again who held Pelasgic Argos, Alos, Alope, and Trachis; and those of Phthia and Hellas the land of fair women, who were called Myrmidons, Hellenes, and Achaeans; these had fifty ships, over which Achilles was in command. But they now took no part in the war, inasmuch as there was no one to marshal them; for Achilles stayed by his ships, furious about the loss of the girl Briseis, whom he had taken from Lyrnessus at his own great peril, when he had sacked Lyrnessus and Thebe, and had overthrown Mynes and Epistrophus, sons of king Evenor, son of Selepus. For her sake Achilles was still grieving, but ere long he was again to join them.

此外，兵勇们，有的家住裴拉斯吉亚人的阿耳戈斯，有的家住阿洛斯、阿洛培和斯拉基斯，还有的来自弗西亚和出美女的赫拉斯[注]，统叫做慕耳弥冬人、赫勒奈斯人和阿开亚人，概由阿基琉斯统领，连同五十条海船。但是，这些人现在不想重上杀声震天的战场——谁来把他们编成战阵，列队冲杀？捷足的壮勇、卓越的阿基琉斯其时正盛怒不息，躺在他的海船旁，为了美发的布里塞伊丝，苦战得手的战礼，从鲁耳奈索斯城堡——他曾荡劫那个地方，捣烂了塞贝的城墙，击倒了厄丕斯特罗福斯和慕奈斯，两位凶狠的枪手，塞勒丕俄斯之子、国王欧厄诺斯的儿郎。为了那位姑娘，他心情悲悒，躺在船边——但他马上即会直立起身。

And those that held Phylace and the flowery meadows of Pyrasus, sanctuary of Ceres; Iton, the mother of sheep; Antrum upon the sea, and Pteleum that lies upon the grass lands. Of these brave Protesilaus had been captain while he was yet alive, but he was now lying under the earth. He had left a wife behind him in Phylace to tear her cheeks in sorrow, and his house was only half finished, for he was slain by a Dardanian warrior while leaping foremost of the Achaeans upon the soil of Troy. Still, though his people mourned their chieftain, they were not without a leader, for Podarces, of the race of Mars, marshalled them; he was son of Iphiclus, rich in sheep, who was the son of Phylacus, and he was own brother to Protesilaus, only younger, Protesilaus being at once the elder and the more valiant. So the people were not without a leader, though they mourned him whom they had lost. With him there came forty ships.

兵勇们还来自夫拉凯和鲜花盛开的普拉索斯，黛墨忒耳的奉地；来自羊群的母亲伊同。濒海的安特荣和草泽深处的普忒琉斯。猛士普罗忒西劳斯生前曾统领他们冲杀，但乌黑的泥土早已把他埋葬。他的妻子，悲哭中撕破了双颊，撇留在夫拉凯，建家之业废毁中途。阿开亚人中，他第一个，是的，第一个跳出海船，被一个达耳达尼亚人所杀。然而，尽管怀念首领，兵勇们却没有乱成散沙一盘。波达耳开斯，阿瑞斯的后代，负起了统编队伍的责任。他乃伊菲克勒斯之子，而伊菲克勒斯又是富有羊群的夫拉科斯的儿郎。波达耳开斯是心胸豪壮的普罗忒西拉俄斯的亲兄弟，比兄长年幼，也不如他豪猛——普罗忒西拉俄斯，叱咤战场的壮勇。但尽管如此，他们并不缺少首领，虽然怀念死去的英雄。波达耳开斯带来四十条乌黑的海船。

And those that held Pherae by the Boebean lake, with Boebe, Glaphyrae, and the populous city of Iolcus, these with their eleven ships were led by Eumelus, son of Admetus, whom Alcestis bore to him, loveliest of the daughters of Pelias.

家住波伊贝斯湖畔的菲莱，家住波伊北、格拉夫莱和城垣坚固的伊俄尔科斯的兵勇们，分乘十一条战船，由阿德墨托斯之子欧墨洛斯统领——裴利阿斯的女儿中最漂亮的一位，阿尔开丝提丝，女人中的姣杰，把他生给了阿德墨托斯。

And those that held Methone and Thaumacia, with Meliboea and rugged Olizon, these were led by the skilful archer Philoctetes, and they had seven ships, each with fifty oarsmen all of them good archers; but Philoctetes was lying in great pain in the Island of Lemnos, where the sons of the Achaeans left him, for he had been bitten by a poisonous water snake. There he lay sick and sorry, and full soon did the Argives come to miss him. But his people, though they felt his loss were not leaderless, for Medon, the bastard son of Oileus by Rhene, set them in array.

家居墨索奈和萨乌马基亚，以及来自墨利波亚和岩壁粗皱的俄利宗的兵勇们，分乘七条海船，由弓法精熟的菲洛克忒忒斯率领，每船乘坐五十名划桨的兵丁，战阵中出色的弓手。然而，其时，菲洛克忒忒斯正躺在神圣的莱姆诺斯，承受着巨大的伤痛——由于遭受水蛇的侵咬，阿开亚人把他遗留该岛，恼人的疮痛折磨着他的身心。他正躺身海岛，受苦受难，但用不了多久，海船边的阿耳吉维人便会想起菲洛克忒忒斯，[注]带伤的王者。尽管怀念首领，兵勇们却没有乱成散沙一盘；墨登，俄伊琉斯的私生子，负起了统编队伍的责任——出自荡劫城堡的俄伊琉斯的精血，曹奈的肚腹。

Those, again, of Tricca and the stony region of Ithome, and they that held Oechalia, the city of Oechalian Eurytus, these were commanded by the two sons of Aesculapius, skilled in the art of healing, Podalirius and Machaon. And with them there came thirty ships.

来自石岩梯叠的伊索墨以及特里开和俄利卡利亚的兵勇们——那是俄利卡利亚人欧鲁托斯的城——由阿斯克勒丕俄斯的两个儿子率领，波达雷里俄斯和马卡昂，手段高明的医者，统领三十条深旷的海船。

The men, moreover, of Ormenius, and by the fountain of Hypereia, with those that held Asterius, and the white crests of Titanus, these were led by Eurypylus, the son of Euaemon, and with them there came forty ships.

来自俄耳墨尼俄斯和呼裴瑞亚水泉，来自阿斯忒里昂和峰壁苍白的[注]提塔诺斯的兵勇们，由欧鲁普洛斯率领，埃阿蒙卓著的儿子，带来四十条乌黑的海船。

Those that held Argissa and Gyrtone, Orthe, Elone, and the white city of Oloosson, of these brave Polypoetes was leader. He was son of Pirithous, who was son of Jove himself, for Hippodameia bore him to Pirithous on the day when he took his revenge on the shaggy mountain savages and drove them from Mt. Pelion to the Aithices. But Polypoetes was not sole in command, for with him was Leonteus, of the race of Mars, who was son of Coronus, the son of Caeneus. And with these there came forty ships.

兵勇们，有的来自阿耳吉萨，有的家住古耳托奈。俄耳塞、厄洛奈和灰白色的城堡俄卢松，统领他们的是犟悍骠勇的波鲁波伊忒斯，大神宙斯之子裴里苏斯的儿子。光荣的希波达墨娘把他生给了裴里苏斯——那一天，他对多毛的马人投出了复仇的枪矛，把他们逐出裴利昂，赶至埃西开斯人栖居的地方。波鲁波伊忒斯不是惟一的首领，还有勒昂丢斯，阿瑞斯的后代，心胸豪壮的科罗诺斯的儿子，开纽斯的亲孙。他们带来四十条乌黑的海船。

Guneus brought two and twenty ships from Cyphus, and he was followed by the Enienes and the valiant Peraebi, who dwelt about wintry Dodona, and held the lands round the lovely river Titaresius, which sends its waters into the Peneus. They do not mingle with the silver eddies of the Peneus, but flow on the top of them like oil; for the Titaresius is a branch of dread Orcus and of the river Styx.

从库福斯，古纽斯带来二十二条海船，率领着厄尼奈斯人和骠勇犟悍的裴莱比亚人；兵勇们有的家住寒酷的多多那，有的拥有肥熟的耕地，在美丽的提塔瑞索斯河岸，清澈的水流呼涌着注入裴内俄斯，但却从未和后者闪着银光的漩涡合流，而是像油层似的浮在表面，因为它是那条可怕的水脉、用以咒发誓证的斯图克斯的支流。

Of the Magnetes, Prothous son of Tenthredon was commander. They were they that dwelt about the river Peneus and Mt. Pelion. Prothous, fleet of foot, was their leader, and with him there came forty ships.

普罗苏斯，藤斯瑞冬之子，是马革奈西亚人的首领，家住裴内俄斯一带以及枝叶婆娑的裴利昂。统领他们的是捷足的普罗苏斯，带来了四十条乌黑的海船。

Such were the chiefs and princes of the Danaans. Who, then, O Muse, was the foremost, whether man or horse, among those that followed after the sons of Atreus?

这些便是达奈人的王者和统领。告诉我，缪斯，在跟随阿特柔斯之子进兵城下的军旅中，哪一位壮士最出色，哪一对驭马最骁勇？

Of the horses, those of the son of Pheres were by far the finest. They were driven by Eumelus, and were as fleet as birds. They were of the same age and colour, and perfectly matched in height. Apollo, of the silver bow, had bred them in Perea- both of them mares, and terrible as Mars in battle. Of the men, Ajax, son of Telamon, was much the foremost so long as Achilles' anger lasted, for Achilles excelled him greatly and he had also better horses; but Achilles was now holding aloof at his ships by reason of his quarrel with Agamemnon, and his people passed their time upon the sea shore, throwing discs or aiming with spears at a mark, and in archery. Their horses stood each by his own chariot, champing lotus and wild celery. The chariots were housed under cover, but their owners, for lack of leadership, wandered hither and thither about the host and went not forth to fight.

裴瑞斯的孙子欧墨洛斯的牝马最杰出——他赶着这对驭马，撒蹄奔跑，像展翅的飞鸟。它俩毛色一样，马口相同，背高一致，就像用水平尺量出的一般。银弓之神阿波罗把它俩喂大，在裴瑞亚，好一对牝马，追风的蹄子创扬起战神的恐怖。人群中，最好的战勇是忒拉蒙之子埃阿斯——阿基琉斯仍在船边生气，否则，他是当之无愧的头号英雄。论马亦然，最好的驭马效命于善战的裴琉斯之子，拉着他的战车。但是，阿基琉斯正远离众人，躺在弯翘的远洋海船旁，怀着对兵士的牧者、阿特柔斯之子阿伽门农的怨怒。兵勇们嬉耍在长浪拍岸的滩沿，或掷饼盘，或投枪矛，也有的把玩着手中的弯弓。马儿们站在各自的战车旁，咀嚼着泽地上的欧芹和三叶草，悠闲舒适；主人的战车顶着遮盖，停放在营棚里。士兵们思念着善战的首领，在营区内四处闲逛，不再参加战斗。

Thus marched the host like a consuming fire, and the earth groaned beneath them when the lord of thunder is angry and lashes the land about Typhoeus among the Arimi, where they say Typhoeus lies. Even so did the earth groan beneath them as they sped over the plain.

但是，大部队正在向前开进——像烈焰吞噬着万物——大地在他们脚下隆隆作响，似乎喜好作雷的宙斯暴发了雷霆之怒，恰如他在阿里摩伊劈击图福欧斯周围的土地时一样：那里，人们说，是图福欧斯的睡床。就像这样，行进中的军队把大地踩得隆隆震响，以极快的速度前进，穿越平原。

And now Iris, fleet as the wind, was sent by Jove to tell the bad news among the Trojans. They were gathered in assembly, old and young, at Priam's gates, and Iris came close up to Priam, speaking with the voice of Priam's son Polites, who, being fleet of foot, was stationed as watchman for the Trojans on the tomb of old Aesyetes, to look out for any sally of the Achaeans. In his likeness Iris spoke, saying, "Old man, you talk idly, as in time of peace, while war is at hand. I have been in many a battle, but never yet saw such a host as is now advancing. They are crossing the plain to attack the city as thick as leaves or as the sands of the sea. Hector, I charge you above all others, do as I say. There are many allies dispersed about the city of Priam from distant places and speaking divers tongues. Therefore, let each chief give orders to his own people, setting them severally in array and leading them forth to battle."

其时，使者，追风的伊里丝急速赶到伊利昂，捎去带埃吉斯的宙斯的口信，不祥的讯告。特洛伊人正在集会，在普里阿摩斯的门前，汇聚在一个地方，年轻的和上了年纪的男子。腿脚飞快的伊里丝站在他们近旁，摹仿普里阿摩斯之子波利忒斯的声音，开口说道。波利忒斯自信能跑善跳，一直在为特洛伊人放哨，呆在老埃苏厄忒斯的墓顶[注]，等待着阿开亚人离船进攻的第一个讯号。以此人的形象，腿脚飞快的伊墨丝说道：“老人家，你总爱没完没了地唠叨，就像在从前和平时期那样——要知道，我们正进行着杳无终期的战斗。我经常出入人们拼斗的战场，却从未见过如此庞大的军伍，人海般的阵容，就像成堆的树叶或滩沿上的沙子，他们正越过平原，将在我们的城下战斗。赫克托耳，你是我第一个开口催劝的人，你要按我说的做：普里阿摩斯的城里塞挤着许多支友军，他们来自不同的地域，语言五花八门。让每一位首领饬命本部族的兵勇，整顿队伍带领他们战斗。”

Thus she spoke, but Hector knew that it was the goddess, and at once broke up the assembly. The men flew to arms; all the gates were opened, and the people thronged through them, horse and foot, with the tramp as of a great multitude.

听罢这番话，赫克托耳不敢怠慢——此乃女神的声音。他当即解散集会，兵勇们全都朝着自己的枪械迅跑。他们打开所有的大门，蜂拥着往外冲挤，成群的步兵，熙熙攘攘的车马，喧杂之声沸沸扬扬。

Now there is a high mound before the city, rising by itself upon the plain. Men call it Batieia, but the gods know that it is the tomb of lithe Myrine. Here the Trojans and their allies divided their forces.

在城门前方，平野的远处，孤伶伶地耸立着一方土丘，四边平整空旷，凡人称它“灌木之丘”，但长生不老的神祗却叫它善跳的慕里奈的坟冢。就在那个地方，特洛伊人和盟军排开了战斗的队阵。

Priam's son, great Hector of the gleaming helmet, commanded the Trojans, and with him were arrayed by far the greater number and most valiant of those who were longing for the fray.

高大的赫克托耳是特洛伊人的统帅，普里阿摩斯之子，头顶闪亮的帽盔，率领着最好、最勇敢的兵丁，盔甲齐整，渴望着一试手中的投枪。

The Dardanians were led by brave Aeneas, whom Venus bore to Anchises, when she, goddess though she was, had lain with him upon the mountain slopes of Ida. He was not alone, for with him were the two sons of Antenor, Archilochus and Acamas, both skilled in all the arts of war.

安基塞斯高贵的儿子统领着达耳达尼亚兵勇，埃内阿斯，女神和凡人欢爱的结晶——在伊达的岭脊，光彩夺目的阿芙罗底忒把他生给了安基塞斯。埃内阿斯不是唯一的首领，他有两位副手，阿耳开洛科斯和阿卡马斯，能打各种战式，安忒诺耳的儿郎。

They that dwelt in Telea under the lowest spurs of Mt. Ida, men of substance, who drink the limpid waters of the Aesepus, and are of Trojan blood- these were led by Pandarus son of Lycaon, whom Apollo had taught to use the bow.

家住伊达山脚的泽勒亚的兵卒，一群富有的、喝饮埃塞波斯的黑水长大的特洛伊兵勇，由鲁卡昂英武的儿子统领，潘达罗斯，带着他的强弓，阿波罗的馈赠。

They that held Adresteia and the land of Apaesus, with Pityeia, and the high mountain of Tereia- these were led by Adrestus and Amphius, whose breastplate was of linen. These were the sons of Merops of Percote, who excelled in all kinds of divination. He told them not to take part in the war, but they gave him no heed, for fate lured them to destruction.

来自阿德瑞斯忒亚和阿派索斯乡土，来自皮推亚和险峻的忒瑞亚的兵勇们，概由阿德瑞斯托斯以及身穿亚麻胸甲的安菲俄斯统领，裴耳科忒的墨罗普斯的两个儿子。墨罗普斯谙熟巫卜，常人不可比及，曾劝阻他的儿子前往人死人亡的战场，无奈后者不听劝告，任随幽黑的死亡和死亡精灵的驱使。

They that dwelt about Percote and Practius, with Sestos, Abydos, and Arisbe- these were led by Asius, son of Hyrtacus, a brave commander- Asius, the son of Hyrtacus, whom his powerful dark bay steeds, of the breed that comes from the river Selleis, had brought from Arisbe.

家居裴耳科忒和普拉克提俄斯一带，来自塞斯托斯、阿布多斯和闪亮的阿里斯贝的兵勇们，由呼耳塔科斯之子阿西俄斯率领——阿西俄斯，呼耳塔科斯之子，统兵的首领，闪亮的高头大马把他载到此，从阿里斯贝，塞勒埃斯河畔。

Hippothous led the tribes of Pelasgian spearsmen, who dwelt in fertile Larissa- Hippothous, and Pylaeus of the race of Mars, two sons of the Pelasgian Lethus, son of Teutamus.

希波苏斯率领着裴拉斯吉亚部族的枪手，家住土地肥沃的拉里萨，希波苏斯和普莱俄斯，阿瑞斯的后代，统领着他们，丢塔摩斯之子、裴拉斯吉亚人莱索斯的两个儿郎。

Acamas and the warrior Peirous commanded the Thracians and those that came from beyond the mighty stream of the Hellespont.

阿卡马斯和壮士裴鲁斯率领着斯拉凯兵勇，赫勒斯庞特滚滚的水流疆限着族民们生活的地域。

Euphemus, son of Troezenus, the son of Ceos, was captain of the Ciconian spearsmen.

欧菲摩斯率领着基科奈斯枪手，特罗伊泽诺斯之子，而特罗伊泽诺斯又是神祗钟爱的勇士凯阿斯的儿郎。

Pyraechmes led the Paeonian archers from distant Amydon, by the broad waters of the river Axius, the fairest that flow upon the earth.

普莱克墨斯率领着手持弯弓的派俄尼亚人，来自遥远的阿慕冬以及水面开阔的阿克西俄斯沿岸，阿克西俄斯，地面上水路最美的河流。

The Paphlagonians were commanded by stout-hearted Pylaemanes from Enetae, where the mules run wild in herds. These were they that held Cytorus and the country round Sesamus, with the cities by the river Parthenius, Cromna, Aegialus, and lofty Erithini.

心志粗莽的普莱墨奈斯统领着帕夫拉戈尼亚人，来自厄奈托伊人的地域，野骡的摇篮，来自库托罗斯，住家塞萨摩斯一带，沿着帕耳塞尼俄斯两岸，盖起了远近驰名的房居，在克荣纳、埃吉阿洛斯和高地厄鲁西诺伊。

Odius and Epistrophus were captains over the Halizoni from distant Alybe, where there are mines of silver.

俄底俄斯和厄丕斯特罗福斯率领着哈利宗奈斯人，来自遥远的阿鲁贝，源生白银的土地。

Chromis, and Ennomus the augur, led the Mysians, but his skill in augury availed not to save him from destruction, for he fell by the hand of the fleet descendant of Aeacus in the river, where he slew others also of the Trojans.

克罗弥斯率领着慕西亚兵勇，由卜者英诺摩斯辅佐，但识辨鸟踪的本领没有替他挡开幽黑的死亡——腿脚迅捷的阿基琉斯结果了他的性命，在那条河里，还杀了另一些特洛伊兵壮。

Phorcys, again, and noble Ascanius led the Phrygians from the far country of Ascania, and both were eager for the fray.

福耳库斯和神一样的阿斯卡尼俄斯统领着弗鲁吉亚人，来自遥远的阿斯卡尼亚，渴望着投入浴血的战斗。

Mesthles and Antiphus commanded the Meonians, sons of Talaemenes, born to him of the Gygaean lake. These led the Meonians, who dwelt under Mt. Tmolus.

墨斯福斯和安提福斯乃迈俄尼亚人的首领，塔莱墨奈斯的儿子，母亲是古伽亚湖里的女仙，率领着家居特摩洛斯山下的迈俄尼亚人。

Nastes led the Carians, men of a strange speech. These held Miletus and the wooded mountain of Phthires, with the water of the river Maeander and the lofty crests of Mt. Mycale. These were commanded by Nastes and Amphimachus, the brave sons of Nomion. He came into the fight with gold about him, like a girl; fool that he was, his gold was of no avail to save him, for he fell in the river by the hand of the fleet descendant of Aeacus, and Achilles bore away his gold.

纳斯忒斯统领着粗俗的卡里亚人，来自米勒托斯和林木葱郁的山地弗西荣，陪傍着迈安得罗斯水流和慕卡勒峥嵘的石壁。他们的首领是安菲马科斯和纳斯忒斯，纳斯忒斯和安菲马科斯，诺米昂的一对英武的儿子。晃摆着黄金的装饰，纳斯忒斯走上战场，像一位姑娘——好一个傻瓜！然而，黄金没有替他挡开痛苦的死亡，腿脚迅捷的阿基琉斯结果了他的性命，在那条河里，骠勇的壮士剥走了金质的饰磺。

Sarpedon and Glaucus led the Lycians from their distant land, by the eddying waters of the Xanthus.

萨耳裴冬和豪勇的格劳科斯统领着鲁基亚兵勇，来自遥远的河滩，珊索斯飞卷的漩流。